Sysmex® CA-1500 System Coagulation Curve Theory Online Training

Welcome to the Sysmex® CA-1500 System Coagulation Curve Theory Online Training course. In this course, you’ll learn how to identify the components of a coagulation curve. The coagulation curve is a visual display of the activity that occurs during a clotting assay. The system also displays a coagulation curve for each test result to help you interpret the analysis. Each test analysis yields a characteristic pattern or “signature” coagulation curve. In addition, a test parameter’s coagulation curve varies if the analysis yields normal or abnormal test results. Select Next to continue. Upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to: Describe how the Stored Data List screen relates to the Stored Data Graphic Display screen Describe how to view coagulation curves for analysis results Identify key features of the Stored Data Graphic Display screen Select Next to continue. Identify coagulation curve components for normal and abnormal analysis results Congratulations. You have completed the Sysmex® CA-1500 Coagulation Curve Theory online training course. Listed below are the key points that have been presented. Take time to review the material before you proceed to the final quiz. Describe how the Stored Data List screen relates to the Stored Data Graphic Display screen The Stored Data List screen displays analysis results for clotting, chromogenic, and immunologic assays. Each clotting assay yields a coagulation curve. To view the coagulation curve for a clotting assay result, on the Stored Data List screen, press the Graph key. View coagulation curves for analysis results To view the coagulation curve for a clotting assay, from the Main Menu screen, press Stored Data. Select a sample, and then press Graph. The coagulation curve appears on the Stored Data Graphic Display screen. Up to six curves can be displayed per screen. Identify key features of the Stored Data Graphic Display screen Key features of the Stored Data Graph Display screen include the coagulation curve to provide a visual display of the coagulation reaction, sample flags to describe the analysis sample; Change Scale key to change the Y-axis scale, and Output key to print the coagulation curve or output data to a floppy disk or host computer. Identify coagulation curve components for normal and abnormal analysis results Key components of the coagulation curve include a charted graph of time on the X axis vs. light scatter intensity on the Y axis, dH reading of maximum change in light scatter, coagulation time reading, flags for abnormal results, and error codes if errors occur during the analysis. Select Next to continue. After a sample analysis, the system displays results for clotting assays, as well as chromogenic and immunologic test methods on the Stored Data List screen. For clotting assays, analysis results are displayed as calculated values (activity % or mg/dL), or raw data values (sec or dOD)—it depends on the test method. Each clotting assay yields a characteristic pattern or “signature” coagulation curve. For each clotting assay, the Sysmex® CA-1500 System uses the percentage detection method to obtain the clotting time measurement by taking a reading at the 50% point between the baseline and the endpoint of the coagulation reaction. Sysmex® CA-1500 System Tests Learn about Sysmex® CA-1500 System clotting assay tests. Most of the tests performed on the Sysmex® CA-1500 System are run using a clotting assay. These include the following: PT APTT Fibrinogen Factors II, V, VII, X Factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII When complete, select the X in the upper-right corner to close the window and continue. Evaluation Methods: Chromogenic & Immunologic Learn about chromogenic & immunologic test methods. Evaluation methods are used to obtain analysis results for chromogenic and immunologic test methods include: For chromogenic methods, the Sysmex® CA-1500 System uses the rate method to measure the increase in absorbance per minute over a set time period. Examples of chromogenic test methods include Antithrombin III and Heparin Xa. For immunologic methods, the Sysmex® CA-1500 System uses the VLin Integral method to measure the kinetic rate of the reaction using absorbance per minute readings until the point in time that the reaction reaches its steepest increase. Raw value results are displayed as delta OD (dOD). An example of an immunologic test method includes D-Dimer. When complete, select the X in the upper-right corner to close the window and continue. After a sample analysis, the system displays stored data results for clotting assays, as well as chromogenic and immunologic test methods on the Stored Data List screen. To view stored data: From the Main Menu screen, press Stored Data. (The Stored Data List screen appears.) On the Stored Data List screen, press the arrow keys to scroll to the right to view analysis results. Clotting Assay Results on the Stored Data Screen Learn about clotting assay results. Base ImageHotspotsText BlocksImage FileTo view a coagulation curve, first you must select a sample.PT and APTT test results are reported as seconds (coagulation time).Fbg test results are reported as mg/dL.Factor V test results are reported as activity %.Heparin test results are reported as dOD.Press Graph to view the coagulation curves for the selected sample's clotting assay test results. Each clotting assay generates a coagulation curve, which you can view on the Stored Data Graphic Display screen. You can view coagulation curves for up to six parameters on a single screen. To view coagulation curves From the Main Menu screen, press Stored Data. (The Stored Data List screen appears.) On the Stored Data List screen, select a sample. Note: Press the arrow keys to scroll to the right to view the analysis results for a sample. Press Graph to view coagulation curves for the selected sample on the Stored Data Graphic Display screen. Stored Data Graphic Display Screen Learn about the Stored Data Graphic Display screen. Only clotting assays generate coagulation curves. Press Graph to open the Stored Data Graphic Display screen. Press Output to print the coagulation curve or output stored data to a floppy disk or host computer. Press Change Scale to change the scale of the Y-axis to help separate data points if analysis activity occurs within a narrow range. When complete, select the X in the upper-right corner to close the window and continue. Stored Data Graphics Display Screen Learn about the Stored Data Graphics Display screen. Base ImageHotspotsText BlocksImage FilePress Output to output stored data to a floppy disk or host computer, or to print the coagulation curves displayed on the screen.Press Delete to delete stored data that is not needed. Caution: Deleted data CANNOT be recovered.Press Change Scale to change the scale of the Y-axis to help separate data points if analysis activity occurs within a narrow range of data points. The system automatically selects the correct magnification to use--x4, x8, or x16--and displays the selected magnification on the coagulation curve graph.  Caution: Validated data CANNOT be edited.Press the Up or Down arrow keys to display coagulation curves for the preceding or next sample on the Stored Data List screen.Press the Left or Right arrow keys to display additional coagulation curves for other analysis results for this sample.Press Quit to return to the Stored Data List screen.Components of the coagulation curve appear here.Final report data flags indicate data that will appear on the final report and include the following: m = The result represents Mean data because replication analysis settings were executed to obtain the final result. F = The result will appear on the final report. .Sample ID Number attributes indicate the method used to register the ID number: M = Manual Registration A = Automatic Assignment B = Barcode Reading C = Inquiry to Host Computer .Rack number and tube position of the sample.Date and time when the analysis was started.Temperature of the detector block when the analysis was started. “--.-" appears if a duplicate analysis is performed.  Sample flags describe the sample used for the analysis. Valid = Results validated Stat = STAT sample Ref.= Re-analyzed sample Close = Sample was analyzed as a closed or capped specimen. Open = Sample was analyzed from an uncapped specimen. Micro = Analysis was executed using the Micro mode. .ID number of the sample selected on the Stored Data List screen.Order attributes indicate the method used to order the test. Order attributes include: M = Manual Registration A = Default order setting if barcode reading fails C = Inquiry to Host Computer . For normal samples, the clotting assay creates a sigmoid-shaped coagulation curve with a high dH value (maximum change in light scatter during the reaction process at the endpoint of coagulation minus the baseline scatter at the start of the readings). The coagulation time is determined as the 50% value between baseline and the endpoint of the coagulation—at this point the slope is nearly vertical. Slope indicates the steepness of a curve and is calculated using the formula Δ y / Δ x, where Δ y = the difference between any two points on the line using y axis values, and Δ x = the difference between the same two points on the line using x axis values. For standard curves, slope is the calculation obtained from a calibration graph where test results for calibrator levels on the y-axis are plotted against expected values for those calibrators on the x-axis. For coagulation curves, slope is the calculation obtained from a coagulation graph where light scatter intensity on the y-axis is plotted against analysis time on the x-axis. Components of a Normal Coagulation Curve Learn about components of a normal coagulation curve. Base ImageHotspotsText BlocksImage FileThe Y-axis (vertical axis) displays light scatter intensity.Final: Data will appear on the final report. PT: This coagulation curve displays results for a PT test.The X-axis (horizontal axis) displays the clotting analysis time scale in seconds.bH: The baseline scatter at the start of the reading = 27. dH: The difference in light scatter during the reaction process = 44. CH NO.: Detection channel 1 was used for the analysis. ERR: No error occurred during the analysis.Automatic Assignment was used to register the sample ID. Open: The sample was analyzed from an uncapped specimen.A 1/1 dilution ratio was performed on the sample. Re-Calc: The data was recalculated. The coagulation time reading = 12.4 seconds.  The coagulation time reading was taken at a 50% Coagulation Detection Point--the 50% value between the baseline and the endpoint of the coagulation. The curve is the most stable and linear at this point. If the analysis calculation could be performed but yields an abnormal result, the system flags the result with the following symbols: Symbols to the left of a result: * = Indicates that the replicates are out of set deviation limits, or an error has occurred. ! = Indicates that the result was performed on dilution. < = Indicates that the result is less than the report limit. > = Indicates that the result is greater than the report limit. Symbols to the right of a result: - = Indicates that the result is less than Mark Limit. + = Indicates that the result is greater than Mark Limit. X = Indicates that the calculated result has not been obtained. Press the ERR key to open the Error Details window, where you can learn more about the error code that occurred. Abnormal Coagulation Curves Learn about abnormal coagulation curves. Base ImageHotspotsText BlocksImage FileThese symbols indicate that the system could not calculate the PT result due to an error. Other symbols that appear in place of a result indicate the following: ---. - Could not calculate a parameter. +++. + Value exceeded the displayable range. ///. / Could not calculate the mean. Results are validated.These symbols indicate that the system could not calculate the INR.B: A barcode reading was used to register the sample ID number. Close: Sample was analyzed from a closed or capped specimen.If analysis data error occurs for the result, the red ERR key appears. Press the ERR key to open the Error Details window. Press the ERR key again to close the window.